Notes from Dr. Borkosky

Hence it is that such democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths. The Federalist, commonly referred to as the Federalist Papers, is a series of 85 essays … Written by James Madison, this essay defended the form of republican government proposed by the Constitution. Every shilling with which they overburden the inferior number, is a shilling saved to their own pockets. Here, again, the extent of the Union gives it the most palpable advantage. Let me add that it is the great desideratum by which this form of government can be rescued from the opprobrium under which it has so long labored, and be recommended to the esteem and adoption of mankind. He will not fail, therefore, to set a due value on any plan which, without violating the principles to which he is attached, provides a proper cure for it. The Federalist Papers were a series of eighty-five essays urging the citizens of New York to ratify the new United States Constitution. But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty, which is essential to political life, because it nourishes faction, than it would be to wish the annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, because it imparts to fire its destructive agency. Extend the sphere, and you take in a greater variety of parties and interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of other citizens; or if such a common motive exists, it will be more difficult for all who feel it to discover their own strength, and to act in unison with each other. Along with the Federalist Papers, the Anti-Federalist papers documented the political context in which the Constitution was born. A rage for paper money, for an abolition of debts, for an equal division of property, or for any other improper or wicked project, will be less apt to pervade the whole body of the Union than a particular member of it; in the same proportion as such a malady is more likely to taint a particular county or district, than an entire State. Barbara Bavis, Bibliographic and Research Instruction Librarian, Law Library of Congress. There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests. Yet the parties are, and must be, themselves the judges; and the most numerous party, or, in other words, the most powerful faction must be expected to prevail.

“The influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, but will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States.”. The Federalist Papers defended the concept of a strong central government with their arguments in … A Close Reading of James Madison's The Federalist No. It is in vain to say that enlightened statesmen will be able to adjust these clashing interests, and render them all subservient to the public good. The effect of the first difference is, on the one hand, to refine and enlarge the public views, by passing them through the medium of a chosen body of citizens, whose wisdom may best discern the true interest of their country, and whose patriotism and love of justice will be least likely to sacrifice it to temporary or partial considerations. Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority. Federalist & Anti-Federalist Papers - Primary Source Document Analysis Historical Context: After the US Constitution was written in 1787, states had to approve and agree to this new form of government. Enlightened statesmen will not always be at the helm. Groups would be forced to negotiate and compromise among themselves, arriving at solutions … Authors: The question resulting is, whether small or extensive republics are more favorable to the election of proper guardians of the public weal; and it is clearly decided in favor of the latter by two obvious considerations: In the first place, it is to be remarked that, however small the republic may be, the representatives must be raised to a certain number, in order to guard against the cabals of a few; and that, however large it may be, they must be limited to a certain number, in order to guard against the confusion of a multitude.

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