Notes from Dr. Borkosky

The following day, June 17, armed-to-the-teeth policemen patrolled Soweto all in the name of keeping the peace. All hell broke as students started running for cover. There is even a memorial dedicated to him around the spot that he was killed. Selbst die Interventionsversuche von den politisch gleichgeschalteten Homelandregierungen wies man rigoros zurück. To commemorate the brave children who stood up to oppressive apartheid government, the 16th of June is set as a public holiday. Juni 1976 zu einem Demonstrationszug durch Orlando in Soweto. Das Hector-Pieterson-Mahnmal steht seit 1992 in Orlando, Soweto. Der Bantu Education Act erfuhr innerhalb der südafrikanischen Gesellschaft heftige Kritik. Student enrollment increased by about three-folds. In the end, the protesters congregated close to the Orlando High School. 1972 erfolgte eine Umbenennung in South African Students’ Movement (SASM, etwa: „Südafrikanische Schülerbewegung“), um Coloureds und Inder einzubeziehen. But this still does not explain why the apartheid government on a consistent basis decided to give significantly more funding to white schools than black schools. At the time of his death, Pieterson was in the company of his older sister, Antoinette Sithole. Der Aufstand in Soweto, auch als Schüleraufstand in Soweto bezeichnet,[1][2][3] englisch Soweto Uprising, begann am 16. The famous anti-apartheid activist, Archbishop Desmond Tutu once called Afrikaans “the language of the oppressor”. Pictures of blood-stained children made their way into the foreign press.

Nur Musik, Religion und Sport hatten die Lehrer in den regionalen Muttersprachen abzuhalten. As students’ numbers increased in black communities, anti-apartheid groups realized that they could mobilize these students and make them crucial voices for change. Across the African continent, it is observed as the Day of the African Child, which not only commemorates the uprising but also focuses on children in Africa—celebrating their lives as well as noting the challenges that they regularly face. Ihr Präsident war der damals 19-jährige Tsietsi Mashinini. Die landesweiten Proteste gegen die Struktur des Sprachunterrichts blieben lange ohne gesetzgeberische Konsequenz, wurden aber in zahlreichen Fällen mit Ausnahmegenehmigungen quittiert.

Also, many of Biko’s colleagues were either arrested or tortured in their cells. Bis zum Vormittag gab es zwei Tote und zwölf Verletzte. Unbeknownst to the Apartheid government, the actions of the security forces that day would cause a huge uproar across the globe. Unter Leitung des Juristen Piet Cillie befasste sich eine Kommission mit der Thematik und erkannte die katastrophalen Lebensumstände in Soweto und anderen Townships als hintergründige Basis solcher Aufstände, die durch den angestauten Unmut ihrer Bewohner auf das Bildungssystem ausbrachen. Klasse nicht auf Englisch, sondern in der jeweiligen afrikanischen Muttersprache geschrieben wurden. That was followed by a cycle of protest and repression that reverberated across the country. Der Sprachunterricht in den Amtssprachen war vorrangig auf grammatikalische Studien und Übersetzungen ausgerichtet, so dass die Schüler nur schwerlich mündliche Kompetenz erlangen konnten. The students were unhappy because schools in the townships of Soweto were forced to use the Afrikaans language for teaching certain subjects. Nach Untersuchungsergebnissen der Cillie Commission (siehe unten) starben bei den Auseinandersetzungen 575 Menschen, darunter 451 durch Polizeigewalt. Granted there was not enough money to go around, the Soweto Uprising was fueled in part by statics such as the above. [5] Die schwarzen Schülerinnen und Schüler, die diese Sprache zum Teil kaum beherrschten, sahen sich dadurch ihrer Chancen im Bildungssystem beraubt.

Klasse bzw. Additionally, these schools had very few qualified teachers. Er forderte zahlreiche Todesopfer und führte zu lange andauernden, landesweiten Protestaktionen gegen die rassistische Bildungspolitik und das gesamte Apartheidsregime des Landes. Sitiso Mxolisi Ndlovu, Noor Nieftagodien, Tshepo Moloi: Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 3. Zahlreiche Kinder und Jugendliche wurden bei Razzien in Schulen inhaftiert. About 10-15 times more funds were spent in white schools. Ultimately, the decree resulted in a situation where students focused on the language in itself often to the detriment of subjects taught in the classroom. It is estimated that when the police and the army responded to the demonstrators by firing tear gas and then bullets, between 400 and 700 people, many of them children, were killed.

Colonel Kleingeld, der Kommandeur der Orlando Police Station, gab später an, dass er mit Steinen beworfen worden sei und daher den ersten Schuss abgegeben habe. Darüber hinaus kam es zu Streiks der schwarzen Bevölkerung und zu internationalen Protesten. They gave credit for such improvements to the Bantu Educational Act of 1953.

in der 4. Due to the lack of adequate facilities, students were asked to go to their hometown and enroll there. The uprising began as students came together against a decree that all pupils must learn Afrikaans in school. Unbeknownst to the Apartheid government, the actions of the security forces that day would cause a huge uproar across the globe. The government would struggle to keep the social and economic fabric of the country in shape. Klasse) ausgedehnt werden und die beiden damaligen Amtssprachen Südafrikas, Englisch und Afrikaans, erst in der 2. They would have gone straight into some menial job or joined some wayward gang – gangs that caused havoc in the community. Dieser reagierte 1976 mit der Resolution 392, worin die Regierung Südafrikas wegen ihres unverhältnismäßigen Vorgehens bei den Unruhen in Soweto scharf kritisiert und zur Aufhebung der Apartheidsverhältnisse aufgefordert wurde. auf www.cronkite.wordpress.com, Beschreibung bei africanhistory.about.com, Kurzbeschreibung der Ereignisse bei sabctrc.saha.org.za, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aufstand_in_Soweto&oldid=200581803, City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. Here are some of the specific events and factors that galvanized the school children to go onto the street and protest: The ruling elite, realizing that Afrikaans was fading and gradually being replaced by English, sought to use the Afrikaans Medium Decree of 1974 to make Afrikaans the dominant language in the country. The Boston Massacre: The American Revolution, Julius Caesar: History, Accomplishments and Facts. [5] Im März wurde nach Protesten der Schüler die Polizei an eine High School in Soweto gerufen. Over the decades, black South Africans had taken to using English as they felt that the Afrikaans language was too much associated with the Apartheid government. It is estimated that 20,000 students took part in the protests. Are there different analyses of the uprising? Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! An official remark from the Department of Bantu Education. Leading these students was Tsietsi Mashinini – a student from the Morris Isaacson High School. Schools in the black community, as well as non-white communities, were starved off the necessary funds to ensure that children got a quality education. Klasse an bereits drei Sprachen zu unterrichten sind. Klasse vor. Die Apartheidsregierung gab eine Untersuchung der Unruhen im Zeitraum vom 16. These dogs did not make it back alive; they were killed by the protesters. Die Unruhen griffen auf andere Townships in Südafrika über und dauerten bis 1978 an. The department erroneously reasoned that because black education was being paid by the government, the black teachers and students were supposed to keep quiet and just accept their latest apartheid policy. Die beabsichtigte Bevorzugung jeweiliger Muttersprachen (und damit verbunden die Ausgrenzung durch den eingeschränkten Zugang zu den offiziellen Sprachen des Landes) blieb allerdings bestehen.

One of their famous leaders was Steve Biko, an anti-apartheid activist who would later die in police custody on 12 September 1977. Across the world, a wave of political pressure was mounted on apartheid Prime Minister John Vorster. Anfang des Jahres 1976 regte sich in vielen Schulen im gesamten Land deutliches Missfallen gegen die 1:1-Lösung. Selbst als kaum oppositionell einzustufende Organisationen wie der Advisory Board for Bantu Education (Beirat für Bantu-Erziehung) und der Lehrerverband African Teachers’ Association of South Africa versuchten die Bantu-Behörde in Pretoria zu einer Veränderung zu bewegen.[8]. Notable anti-apartheid students movements such as the South African Students Movement (SASM) and several other Black Consciousness groups worked very hard across the country to raise awareness of the issues. Das wirkte sich als massive Benachteiligung der schwarzen Schüler aus.[7]. The Afrikaans Medium Decree of 1974 failed to consult key stakeholders in the black communities before imposing those language restrictions in the classrooms.

The day is called “Youth Day”. What was one of the organizations that led antiapartheid efforts.

Auslöser des Aufstandes war der Erlass Afrikaans Medium Decree aus dem Jahr 1974,[4] wonach Afrikaans, die Sprache der weißen burischen Herrschaftsschicht, als verbindliche Unterrichtssprache eingeführt werden sollte. Coupled with all the above upheavals, government officials across the country had to contend with continuous riots in their cities. This move by the Apartheid government was just one of their numerous programs aimed at stifling the political, economic and social rights of blacks in South Africa.

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