Notes from Dr. Borkosky

Adults average 30 inches (76 centimeters) in length; females are conspicuously larger than males. The sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes), also known as the horned rattlesnake and sidewinder rattlesnake, is a venomous pit viper species belonging to the genus Crotalus (rattlesnakes) and is found in the desert regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Adults average 30 inches (76 centimeters) in length; females are conspicuously larger than males. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... …recorded for the North American sidewinder, …including the small North American sidewinder (. Maintaining the perfect temperature helps to facilitate shedding and therefore encourage growth. Venom-spitting is a defense mechanism unique to spitting cobras (Hemachatus haemachatus and some species in the genus Naja). They can’t be found anywhere else in the world. Klauber LM.

So, you’re highly unlikely to find a sidewinder in your house or yard. However, venom B causes pronounced proteolytic and hemorrhagic effects, similar to the bites of other rattlesnake species; these effects are significantly reduced or absent from bites by venom A snakes. A sterile dry bandage may be used to cover the wound, Avoid unnecessary movement (running or walking) and try to keep the victim as comfortable and warm as possible; stay with the victim until help arrives to provide reassurance, Make a note of the exact time of the incident and notify the emergency medical personnel accordingly, Try to identify or locate the reptile (only if safely possible) and keep the medical personnel informed; if possible, try to take a picture of the snake using one’s mobile phone, If the snake is dead, then try to carefully take the snake in a safe container to the healthcare center for identification, Use pressure bandage to immobilize the affected site or limb, such that blood circulation is not cut-off; the pressure immobilization technique should be attempted by trained personnel only, Remove constrictive clothing and any jewelry, such as bangles, bracelets, wrist watches, and rings, from the limb that is involved, especially before applying pressure immobilization, Further a splint (or stick) should be used to prevent the limb joints from bending, Avoid anything that can cause an obstruction in the airways, DO NOT give anything orally to the individual, Unless directed by the physician, DO NOT give any medication, Safely transport the affected individual to the nearest and appropriate healthcare facility (having expertise in snakebite treatment, if available), Administer antivenom if available, and ONLY if a qualified healthcare provider is present, Shaking the affected arm or leg of the bitten individual, Forcing the individual to walk long distances (the victim should be carried, as far as possible), Tying constricting bandages above the fang mark, Applying ice or pouring other liquids (alcohol) on the bite site, Applying heat packs or trying to burn the bite site (applying hot embers), Cutting the wound in an attempt to wash away the venom, Sucking the bite wound, in an attempt to suck and spit out the venom; or, using any mechanical device to apply suction to the wound, Applying topical creams/ointments or any chemicals such as potassium permanganate, Giving tea, coffee, or any alcoholic beverages to the victim (water may be given to keep the individual hydrated, if required), Administering ANY form of traditional treatments, use of herbal/native medicines, or other unapproved treatment measures, Administration of antivenom serum (AVS) should be allowed only when there are identifiable signs and symptoms of local and systemic envenomation along with supporting laboratory test evidence, At many health centers, the antidote to snake bite envenomation is scarcely available and usually very expensive; thus, it is important to not waste such a life-saving resource, Also, in many individuals, there is a high risk for severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, to the antivenom that may even be fatal, Consultation with a medical toxicologist is recommended for all cases requiring anti-snake venom administration, The individual himself/herself or someone nearby may begin administering basic First Aid, Call your local emergency helpline number or 911 (within the US) immediately, Site of bite and the amount of toxin injected, Age and overall health status of the individual, Timely manner in which antivenom is administered, Severity of allergic reactions, if any develop, Effectiveness of the treatment following admission, Avoid unnecessary contact with any snake; if you spot a snake, try to keep a safe distance between yourself and the snake, Completely refrain from touching, provoking, or picking up any snake (even if it is dead), Educate the local community about venomous snakes in the region, Be on the lookout for snakes while trekking, hiking, camping, or while traveling through snake-infested areas (forests, grasslands, thick bushes, even dry woodlands), While walking through such areas, always stay on clear pathways and roads, Wear protective clothing such as boots, full length pants, and full-sleeved shirts, while exploring the woods and forestlands, Avoiding being outdoors at night in forested areas, Do not ignore the warnings on signboards or of forest/wildlife officials, Do not probe into dark recesses and crevices with your bare hands; check out for snakes concealed on tree branches or bushes before moving or holding them, Wildlife researchers and amateur explorers are requested to carry suitable first aid kits, Keep homes and surrounding areas clean and clear of rubbish or leafy piles, termite mounds, and even building materials, Teach and educate children about the dangers and importance of snakes, Remove the victim immediately from the spot (prevent further bites), Call your local emergency helpline number (or 911) for help, Immobilize the affected site (arm or leg), Transport the victim without delay to an appropriate health center of care, Do not hesitate to call your emergency help services, Do not waste precious time attempting to catch or kill the snake for identification purposes, Do not medicate the individual, unless advised by a healthcare professional, Do not move the affected region of the body too much, Do not run or exercise which might increase the circulation of toxin in the body, Do not elevate the affected area above the heart level, since this can also increase circulation of the toxin.

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